Flatfoot in Children
Flatfoot in Children: Causes, Types, and Treatment
Flatfoot, a common foot condition seen by podiatrists in children, is characterized by the underdevelopment or absence of the arch in the foot. While nearly all babies are born with flat feet, the condition usually resolves on its own as the child grows. However, some children may continue to experience flatfoot as they age, and it can sometimes lead to discomfort or complications. As a parent, it's important to understand the different types of flatfoot, how it can be diagnosed, and when treatment may be necessary.
Types of Flatfoot in Children
Flatfoot can be broadly categorized into three types, each with distinct characteristics:
Flexible Flatfoot: This is the most common form of flatfoot in children. In flexible flatfoot, the arch appears flattened when the child stands, but the foot maintains a normal shape when not bearing weight. This type of flatfoot typically does not cause pain or functional issues, and most children will outgrow it as their muscles and bones develop.
Flexible Flatfoot with a Short Achilles Tendon: This is a less common condition that can cause discomfort. In this case, the Achilles tendon is shorter than usual, which limits the flexibility of the foot. This restriction may lead to pain, especially during physical activity, and may require a more active treatment approach to address the tightness and pain.
Rigid Flatfoot: Rigid flatfoot is the rarest form and is often associated with more significant deformity. Unlike flexible flatfoot, the foot remains flattened even when not bearing weight, and the condition can cause pain and difficulty with movement. Rigid flatfoot often requires more intensive treatment and, in some cases, surgical intervention.
Symptomatic vs. Asymptomatic Flatfoot
Flatfoot can be classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on whether the child experiences any symptoms:
Symptomatic Flatfoot: Children with symptomatic flatfoot experience discomfort, which may include foot pain, difficulty walking, or issues with wearing shoes. They may also experience pain during physical activities, and the heel may tilt outward. In these cases, it is important to seek treatment to address the discomfort and improve foot function. Treatment options include custom orthotics, shoe modifications, physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Asymptomatic Flatfoot: In contrast, asymptomatic flatfoot does not cause any pain or noticeable issues in the child’s walking or overall comfort. Many children with asymptomatic flatfoot may never require treatment, though it’s important to monitor their condition. Regular checkups with a podiatrist can ensure that the condition does not worsen or lead to other complications as the child grows.
Diagnosis of Flatfoot
Diagnosing flatfoot involves a thorough examination by a podiatrist. The podiatrist will observe the child’s foot while standing, walking, and sitting, checking for signs of abnormal alignment or arch formation. Sometimes, the podiatrist will also examine the knees, hips, and legs, as these areas can be affected by flatfoot. X-rays or other imaging tests may be used to assess the severity of the condition and guide treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Treatment for flatfoot depends on the type and severity of the condition. For children with flexible flatfoot who experience no symptoms, no treatment is typically needed. Regular monitoring may be sufficient, and custom orthotics can be considered to provide additional support in some cases.
For symptomatic flatfoot, the treatment options may include:
Orthotic Devices: Custom-made insoles that support the arch and improve foot alignment.
Footwear Modifications: Special shoes or insoles to relieve pressure and provide better support.
Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the foot and ankle.
Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage pain and inflammation.
In rare cases, if the flatfoot is rigid or does not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be required to correct the deformity and alleviate pain.
If you notice that your child has flat feet or experiences any pain, discomfort, or difficulty walking, it’s important to consult Pasco-Hernando Foot & Ankle. Dr. Lawrence J. Kales specializes in pediatric foot care and can properly diagnose the condition and recommend the appropriate course of action. Dr. Kales provides compassionate, personalized care for children with flatfoot to help them lead active, pain-free lives.
To make an appointment with Pasco-Hernando Foot & Ankle, call us today at (727) 868-2128 or (352) 683-5799 at our Hudson/Bayonet location office. You can also request an appointment online. Let us help your child walk comfortably and confidently.